Forget Talking Turkey; Let’s Talk Tofu

Forget talking turkey; let’s talk tofu!  With an uptick in plant-based diets, along with meat shortages due to the pandemic, tofu has become a more prominent protein in the US over the past year. Sales of plant-based foods the third week of March 2020 were up 90%.

While having enough popularity to be continually consumed in Asia for over 1000 years, the American market has mostly viewed tofu as a tasteless something you really don’t need on your plate. But that take denies some of the health benefits of this soybean product.

Like eggs, tofu is a complete protein. It contains calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc plus it’s cholesterol free, sodium free, and low in saturated fat. A 3oz serving of extra firm tofu contains about 80 calories, 4 total grams of saturated fat and 8 grams of protein. That’s less protein than beef, but also less than half the calories. A 3oz plant-based burger has about 15 grams of total fat, 15g of protein and 203 calories.

A 2019 retrospective study that included a total of 330,826 participants showed consuming soy/soy products was inversely associated with deaths from cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The authors concluded: “Soy and its isoflavones may favorably influence risk of mortality. In addition, soy protein intake was associated with a decreased risk in the mortality of breast cancer.”

That’s a lot of pluses. Why don’t we like it? Perhaps because it falls into the “tastes like whatever is next to it” category. While that actually makes tofu wonderfully versatile, it also means some preparation is required to bring it satisfying taste and texture when it’s the main focus. But tofu can also be used to add protein to yogurt, smoothies, shakes, and salad dressings.

My sister has been deliberately adding protein to her diet, so my brother-in-law bought her some high-protein snack bars to take to the office. She shoved one in her backpack. Later that morning, she took it out, took a bite, and thought, that’s pretty good. Wonder what’s in it? She consulted the label.

Big mistake! Once she read the words cricket flour and visualized crickets in her food, she was D-O-N-E done…forever. A tofu smoothie would not have elicited the same response!

Not only is tofu good in a smoothie, it can be used as a dairy-free substitute for ricotta cheese in lasagna or as a dairy-free pudding base. It’s also delicious seasoned, baked, and added to stir-fry or bowls.

Should you rush out and buy some tofu? If you’re not familiar and love to experiment, then absolutely yes! If you want to add some quick protein to everyday foods without adding lots of fats, or insects, then yes! If you have estrogen-sensitive breast tumors or thyroid problems, then it may be best to consult your physician first before incorporating soy into your diet.

For most of us, tofu can be a healthy addition to any meal. It can fill gaps when other proteins are not available. And it can round out a plant-based diet. Those are all great reasons to talk tofu!

Should Soy Stay or Should it Go?

Should soy stay or should it go? When my children were young, we discovered they were allergic to cow’s milk. I switched them to soy. Now, when I see headlines describing the dangers of soy, I wonder whether I did them a great disservice.

Soy is present in many prepared foods. It’s eagerly embraced by some adopters of a plant-based diet because it is filled with high-quality protein and nutrients including B vitamins, fiber, potassium, and magnesium. Soy protein contains all nine essential amino acids that the body cannot make on its own making it a “complete” protein. These facts make soy sound like a great food.
soy
But, like eggs, soy has its detractors. Some animal studies have shown that high dosages of isoflavone or isolated soy protein extracts tend to stimulate breast cancer growth. Isoflavones are phytoestrogens that function similarly to human estrogen (a hormone) but with weaker effects. Isoflavones may also alter the behavior of estrogen receptors thereby affecting hormone balance.

Hormone balance affects mood, libido, weight, sleep quality, and energy levels. Life is both healthier and more pleasant when we maintain the proper balance. Any alteration of hormone balance through intentional disruption brings risks whether it’s hormone-based birth control, hormone replacement therapy, or dietary estrogens.

A study of 3700 Japanese-American men in Hawaii who consumed large amounts of tofu during middle-age showed a significant association with greater cognitive impairment and brain atrophy in late life compared with men with the lowest tofu intakes. On the flip side, a study of Asian women showed that soy foods sometimes reduced the risk of breast cancer.

In fact, there are numerous soy studies with conflicting results. At a glance, it’s hard to determine whether soy contributes to or reduces the risk of breast cancer. The relationship with dementia is not certain either.

Soy foods are not the only foods that contain phytoestrogens or dietary estrogens. Flaxseeds, sesame seeds, sunflower seeds, almonds, walnuts, apples, cranberries, grapes, pomegranates, strawberries, carrots, lentils, yams, mung beans, sprouts, barley, oats, wheat germ, coffee, bourbon, beer, red wine, and olive oil all contain phytoestrogens. We don’t think of most of those as harmful, but all phytoestrogens are not created equal or used by the body in the same way.

More than likely, there are many factors that determine whether soy will detrimentally affect you–ethnicity, hormone levels, type of soy, age and frequency of ingestion, interaction with medications, etc. With no definitive way to know whether phytoestrogens put you at risk, it is probably best to consume soy in moderation.

If you choose packaged foods, be sure to read the labels. You’ll often find soy in unexpected places. If you are eating a plant-based diet, you may want to limit tofu. And with all of the non-dairy milk options, there’s really no reason to rely on soy.

When you do eat soy, less processing is always better. I love edamame. Every few months I’ll have some for dinner two or three times in a week. Then I don’t think about it again for months.

With no consistent, definitive science to rely on at this time, consuming soy has to be a matter of choice. For now I’m choosing stay, but in deliberate moderation. Only time will tell whether my choices will harm my children or me. In the meantime, I’ll probably keep asking: Should soy stay or should it go?

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1345/aph.10257

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01635581.2017.1250924

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07315724.2000.10718923

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781234/

The following is an extensive review of soy research. Please be aware that it was funded by The European Soy and Plant-based Foods Manufacturers Association, and the author is the executive director of the Soy Nutrition Institute, an organization funded by the United Soybean Board and its soy industry members.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5188409/

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