Appearance or Substance

Which do you look for, appearance or substance? Appearance may make something look a certain way to certain people, but it doesn’t necessarily mean anything. As we have been inundated with the headlines we’re fed by algorithms and news outlets that need clicks, the effect of shallow, surface ideas, idle ramblings, and suppositions have insinuated themselves into conventional wisdom.

light blue background with illustration of computer monitor with webpage layout including video

Less and less information is examined closely before publicly-shared opinions are issued. Once that happens, fact-based presentations carry less weight and it becomes easier to believe misinformation.

It also becomes easy to substitute another’s supposition for fact or delude ourselves and substitute another’s supposition for fact. Social media algorithms prey on the rage factor that often results from this and builds upon itself. Clickety, click, click, click.

Conventional wisdom used to spawn clichés like, don’t judge a book by its cover because we knew that appearance didn’t necessarily represent the substance of the tome. Now, we worry about the time spent on phones.

But isn’t how we spend that time on the phone just as critical? If we limit ourselves to 10 minutes per day, but spend that 10 minutes consuming shallow, biased, misleading information it can still cause harm.

When you’ve done careful, in-depth research and know your facts are solid, it’s difficult to have a conversation with someone who got their information on the same subject from reels. I understand reels are more entertaining, but they’re fed to you by something that doesn’t care whether the content is accurate or misleading.

One result of relying on reels is that medical or psychological terminology can morph into inaccurate descriptions. A person recently described themself to me as an empath, but nothing I know about them and nothing they said would indicate they fit the term I’m familiar with.

They said they believed this because of a reel they had watched. Further examination revealed they were conflating empathizing and being an empath.

According to Psychology Today, my experience was reflective of the influence of a reel similar to one on gaslighting forwarded to Adi Jaffe, Ph.D. that “was well-produced, with clean edits, beautiful shots, and audio. There was only one problem — it greatly distorted the whole concept it was discussing. Instead of defining gaslighting (which itself is not truly a clinical psychology term), the video insisted that when someone close to you tries to sell you on their (presumably different from your own) worldview, they are gaslighting you. But that’s not what gaslighting means at all. Traditionally, when someone tries to gaslight you, they are purposely lying to you about reality in order to make you mistrust your own sense of reality. The whole concept of gaslighting is about a deliberate distortion of truth to gain a psychological advantage over another. Having a different viewpoint from someone else is not gaslighting!1

These may be only two examples, but I encounter something similar multiple times per week. The proliferation of misunderstanding in a large portion of the population means you I often get caught off guard because people have a vastly different understanding of terms I’ve known for years.

The discomfort this creates for me is unimportant. The disconnect between health facts and fiction created through amplified misunderstanding and misinformation presents a danger greater than we may realize.

Valuing substance over appearance can help guide you to more reliable information and sources. There are licensed professional experts creating substantive online courses (some are free) that deal with the same issues you see in reels. Choose those.

There are professional experts on Bluesky. Find some. Vet them. Follow the ones who are credible. Same with Substack and podcasts. There’s nothing wrong with getting information online. It’s the quality of that information that matters.

To be safe, choose substance over appearance.

1)  https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/all-about-addiction/202505/tiktok-therapy-the-pros-and-cons-of-social-media-psychology

So Few Answers

If we don’t know how to filter information, a search can give us lots of it and so few answers at the same time. But how do you filter information effectively these days? It’s harder literally every day. Which, by the way, is why we’re talking about it so much.

African American man sitting on bench smiling while searching on phone.

Don’t rely on an AI summary. Yes, it may cite sources, but that doesn’t mean it has generated an accurate answer. The other day, I lifted some 2 cu ft bags of soil onto a wagon to move them. Later, I was curious how much weight I lifted. I searched for the weight of 2 cu ft of garden soil knowing that it varies depending on the amount of moisture in the soil, etc.

Citing two sources that looked legitimate on the face, AI told me the bags weigh 150 lbs each. Um, I may not be particularly weak, but I can’t heft 150 pounds onto a wagon.

A day or two after that, AI generated a list of recent activities for someone I know is dead, has been dead for years, and so far as I know, has not been resurrected. If you’re saying duh, I know not to believe AI, are you certain you know the difference?

Accept that you may not be able to spot fraudulent information simply by the manner in which it’s written, displayed, or broadcast. A friend assumed he was hearing content that was generated by AI because it pronounced something differently than a human. It was simply a machine voice reading content generated by a human. In other words, his understanding of indicators of generative AI weren’t indicative of that at all.

Writers constantly tell me they can always spot AI writing, but I recently read a text comparison in which the difference was not clear at all. That may be because AI learns exponentially. Last month, or last week you may have been able to tell the difference. This week, it may sound just like your mother.

Some AI generated content may be accurate. Some human generated content is fraudulent or reaches inaccurate conclusions. We have to develop a vetting process that’s more nuanced than assuming we can always spot AI and should always ignore it.

Go to real websites. If something is pushed to you through an ad or social media, go to the website yourself rather than using a link from an ad. It’s not bad to keep a list of the actual http:// address for sites you use regularly. The easiest way to do this is to bookmark them in your browser.

Check with human experts. I don’t mean experts like your sister or best friend (unless they are experts). Something some platforms have given us is access to the top researchers and thinkers in the world. What are they saying as opposed to what you’re seeing on TikTok or Reels?

For history, choose historians. For medical and health concerns, look at a combination of research, best practices, and science facts from degreed professionals – M.D., Ph.D., PharmD, DCN, MPH, PsyD and others. Explore who follows each one, what kind of reputation they have among their colleagues.

Avoid the influence of influencers. I’m not saying all influencers are wrong. They may not be. It’s fine to gather information from them and make lists of resources, books, or products. Just understand there may be a financial incentive for them to promote certain things.

Read real books. There’s a world of nonfiction with valuable information. Take your list of vetted professionals and read their books. You’ll get a lot more depth than online summaries.

Use your brain. Some things that are solid scientifically may not make sense to you, but it doesn’t hurt to approach claims with skepticism keeping in mind that political influence of any sort or research dollars from sources that will directly benefit create bias.

Often, we filter information to give us the fastest, easiest sounding solution. There’s nothing wrong with that per se. But it’s important to remember there are no shortcuts without side effects. A side effect might be that you have to give up something to afford the convenient solution. The side effect could mean you eat prepackaged food that isn’t as healthy as fresh.

When it’s time to review your current habits, remember you may find a ton of information but still get so few answers. Unfortunately, that’s the moment we live in, but we’re here to help!

Why Can’t I?

On days when you’re craving something you can no longer eat without suffering the consequences, it’s tempting to ask why can’t I? This can be especially true when other people with the same diagnosis can tolerate something you can’t. It’s hard to watch them enjoying the thing you want.

large ocean wave

The easy answer is, you can. You can consume things that will hurt you. A better question is why would you want to?

I mean, I know why you may desire a certain crunch or a perfect mix of chocolate and mint, but how can it be worth harming yourself to have it? I’m guessing that such a choice is most often made because we don’t really believe that we’re hurting ourselves. We think that as long as we don’t overdo, we’ll be fine.

In some cases, this is true. A few dips of a chip in salsa may not be enough to trigger an adverse reaction if you have MCAS.

In other cases, such a test could be deadly. A bite of peanut butter could trigger anaphylaxis.

It is key to learn as much as you can about any condition you’ve been diagnosed with so you know the potential risks. From that point, you can make the best decisions.

How is that going to look now that medical journals are changing, the NIH has morphed, AI is generating fiction, and scientific research funding is diminishing?

I’m not sure. For over 20 years, I’ve relied on peer reviewed studies published in major medical journals or posted on https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Now it feels like we’re going back to the days when that may not be possible. This time it won’t be because technology and data don’t exist, but because reliable facts get obscured by fiction even in publications and institutions that were previously grounded in the best science has to offer.

This is dangerous for those who constantly press the Why Can’t I? button. They’ll soon be able to justify all manner of risky activity. And their doctor may be uniformed or misinformed by manipulators of technology and information.

If you want reliable information, now is the time to find some internationally respected doctors, researchers, area experts, journalists, and public health officials who are trustworthy, knowledgeable, and unwavering. Follow them on social media and rely on resources they vet.

Here are a few to consider:

On BlueSky:

Dr. Noor Bari ‪@njbbari3.bsky.social

Helen Branswell ‪@helenbranswell.bsky.social

Dr. David Fisman @dfisman.bsky.social

Dr. T. Ryan Gregory @tryangregory.bsky.social

Dr. Bill Hanage ‪@billhanage.bsky.social

Dr Zoë Hyde @drzoehyde.bsky.social

Dr. Jose-Luis Jimenez @jljcolorado.bsky.social

Dr, Abraar Karan @abraarkaran.bsky.social

Dr. A Marm Kilpatrick ‪@disease-ecology.bsky.social

Dr. Anthony Leonardi ‪@fitterhappieraj.bsky.social

Dr. Ryan Marino @ryanmarino.bsky.social

Prof Christina Pagel ‪@chrischirp.bsky.social

Dr. Kimberly Prather ‪@kprather.bsky.social

Dr. Raj Rajnarayanan ‪@rajlabn.bsky.social

Dr. Angie Rasmussen ‪@angierasmussen.bsky.social

Dr. Eric Topol ‪@erictopol.bsky.social

Dr. Lucky Tran ‪@luckytran.com

Dr. Yaneer Bar-Yam ‪@yaneerbaryam.bsky.social

Ed Yong ‪@edyong209.bsky.social

On X (mostly because she’s entertaining)

Dr. Ashley Winter @AshleyGWinter

This is not meant to be a comprehensive list. And, as the last few years have shown, some doctors pivot away from evidence due to political pressure. Keep an eye out for that. Believe me, I’d love to leave social media out of the picture, but it’s going to be an important resource in the US for the next few years as we navigate AI and changes in public health priorities.

If you hope to reach optimal health, your answer to why can’t I may be vastly different than your friend’s or family member’s. They may try to push you their direction armed with information that appears legitimate but was generated by a non-human hallucination. Your doctor may be lost in the fog of opposing forces that are currently clashing regarding medical and public health policy.

Those with chronic disease and unpopular (not a scientific measure by the way) conditions will be facing a stronger than ever undertow when trying to get diagnosis and treatment. It’s going to be tough to make good health decisions for awhile because all information must be double-checked and triple vetted.

Find resources like those above and use them as a life jacket to keep afloat in these stormy seas. We will get to shore, but it may be a long, exhausting swim! In the meantime, it’s more critical than ever to be your own best advocate!